Prostate Cancer: Common Questions Answered

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, particularly as they age. Understanding its symptoms, risks, and treatment options can help in early detection and effective management. This article addresses frequently asked questions about prostate cancer.

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What is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer begins in the prostate gland, a small walnut-shaped gland in men that produces seminal fluid. It often grows slowly but can become aggressive in some cases, spreading to other parts of the body.

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What Are the Symptoms of Prostate Cancer?

In its early stages, prostate cancer may not show symptoms. As the condition progresses, the following signs may appear:

• Difficulty urinating or a weak urine stream.
• Frequent urination, especially at night.
• Blood in urine or semen.
• Pain in the hips, pelvis, or lower back.
• Erectile dysfunction.

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Who is at Risk for Prostate Cancer?

• Age: Risk increases after age 50.
• Family History: A history of prostate or breast cancer in the family elevates risk.
• Ethnicity: African-American men have a higher risk.
• Diet and Lifestyle: High-fat diets and obesity are linked to increased risk.

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How is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed?

• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Measures PSA levels in the blood, which may indicate cancer.
• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A physical exam to check for abnormalities in the prostate.
• Biopsy: Confirms cancer by removing and analyzing a small tissue sample.
• Imaging Tests: MRI or CT scans help determine the cancer’s stage and spread.

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What Are the Treatment Options?

• Active Surveillance: For slow-growing cancers, regular monitoring may suffice.
• Surgery: Removal of the prostate gland (prostatectomy) is common for localized cancer.
• Radiation Therapy: Targets cancer cells with high-energy rays.
• Hormone Therapy: Reduces or blocks male hormones that fuel cancer growth.
• Chemotherapy: Kills rapidly growing cancer cells in advanced stages.
• Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight cancer.

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How Can Prostate Cancer Be Prevented?

• Regular Screening: Early detection through PSA tests and DREs can save lives.
• Healthy Diet: Include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while reducing red meat and high-fat dairy.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity supports overall health and reduces cancer risk.
• Weight Management: Maintain a healthy weight to lower your risk.